One of the most important debates during Reza Shah era was the expansion and development of Iran's foreign trade with new countries that hadno contribution in Iran's foreign trade before the First World War. Japan was the only Asian country that had not such a strong history of political and economic relation with Iran, but could sharply make certain contribution to Iran's foreign trade.The present article attempts to investigate trade relation between Iran and Japan in Reza Shah era on the basis of archive documents, press articles, and library sources.

The quality of publications in Azerbaijan at the era of Reza-Shah has basic changes to the prior times. The pages of these publications allocated to admiration of Reza-Shah internal reports and news of Azerbaijan and Iran. There is not any criticism about the country circumstances and high-ranking officials of Pahlavi reign. They had a short duration and there is not any political and social article about freedom and rights of the population. But the publications during the years 1941-1945 criticized the heavy chaos of Iran and Azerbaijan at the era of Reza-Shah and his son. The quality and quantity improvement and print of Turkish articles show their release of detective atmosphere of the society. The main reason of the first period (1925-1941) situation is the political mighty, lack of freedom of speech and a deep gloom over the society. But at the second period (1941-1945) the open political atmosphere had caused the identification of parties' activities and their tendency to Soviet, and affected publications in agreement with those events.

In Reza Shah's era, Iran's economy experienced the first stage of transition from agricultural economics to industrial and capitalist economics. The establishment and expansion of industrial centers and factories, especially in the spinning and weaving sector, also overshadowed the traditional jobs of women, especially the work of women carpet weavers. The present article, without aiming at examining the process of industrialization during the Reza Shah period, examines the working conditions of women carpet weavers in public and private factories and workshops, and at the same time, the question of the effect of relations with international human rights organizations on regulations. Internationally and domestically responds. The results of the present article, by performing a descriptive-interpretive method and based on a review of available documents, show that female workers and children working in carpet weaving factories and workshops worked in the worst conditions and were exploited by employers; The government of Iran, in alliance with employers, despite accepting international labor contracts and regulations, in practice did not pay the slightest attention to the need to implement the provisions of these contracts, especially for women and children.

The change in the education system of the Reza Shah’s era under the discourse of the modern national government and as a result the growth and expansion of women's education with the aim of educating new Iranian women and mothers led to significant employment of women in the education system, especially as teachers. Valuable research has been conducted on the necessity of women's education, the development, of literacy, the development of girls' schools and teacher education during the time of Reza Shah, but less attention has been paid to the employment status of women teachers and the challenges they faced during this period. The main topic of this article is the employment status of female teachers during the era of Reza Shah. The answer to this question emerges from the quantitative and qualitative study of the training of female teachers, the increase and decrease of their numbers in schools, the employment conditions, their limitations and difficulties, the status of their rights, as well as gender differences and discrimination in this profession, relying on documents and some publications. This period has taken place. ​ The findings of the research are based on the analysis of statistics and tables and show that the education of women was less important compared to men. This problem presents girls' schools and female teachers with the constant problem of lack of funds, low wages and gender discrimination in employment law. People's poverty and lack of financial ability to pay the small tuition fees of girls' national schools, especially in the states, and as a result, low salaries and a lot of work, along with the combination of employment outside the home with women's responsibilities at home, were other problems of female teachers, which sometimes led to their resignation.

Lorestan as a combrous mountainous region with a nomadic social context, coincided with the rise of Reza Shah, was insecure, like other parts of Iran. In pursuit of his policies and agenda, Reza Shah sought to establish security in the region through military force. Since the implementation and success of military operations depended on the use of various tools, especially military fortifications, tower-building was considered as a military structure. This paper seeks to investigate the objectives of Reza Shah with the descriptive-analytical method, along with the explanation of the use of military forces from the tower and tower-building in Lorestan. The findings of this research show that, Reza Shah, in pursuit of his goals: protecting roads and road builders, taking toll road, announcing the orders and reports of the region, and maintaining his achievements in building the tower in Lorestan. Accordingly, from the beginning of the advance of the army in Lorestan to the complete deployment of security in the region (from 1300 to 1312), during three stages, many towers were erected in Lorestan, especially in the elevations of the Tehran-Khuzestan communication road and the nomadic routes.

Reza Shah's government, with the aim of controlling tribes and nomads, exiled a number of rebellious tribes from their regions to other places in order to change their way of living in their exile, from migration to agriculture and urbanization. This policy failed for various reasons. This study seeks to analyze these causes. The main question is how the conflict between the hometown and exile of the exiles of tribes and nomads, the cultural difference between tribes and nomads and the exiled people, and the contradiction in the migration lifestyle of nomads with smallholder agriculture in desert areas were among the factors behind the failure of the policy of the exile of tribes and nomads in Reza Shah era. This study was developed using descriptive-analytical method with the help of numerous archival documents and original sources. The findings showed that the difference in climate in different regions of Iran as well as cultural differences caused by the difference in religion, customs, and also the problem of language and communication between exiled tribes and nomads and other exiled people, as well as the difference in livelihoods with migration in comparison with smallholder agriculture in the desert areas were the reasons for the failure of the policy of the exile of tribes and nomads in Reza Shah era.

history when modernizing and reform of past bureaucracy system which marked by especially transformation, change and new organization and training of the police. In this regard, the purpose of this article is description and analysis of police forces (Nazmieh) and its results, in Reza Shah era-Using qualitative methods-historical based on library and archival resources. The findings show that in Reza Shah era, dispatching military students abroad, foundation of police and military schools, seriously show the necessity of their existence. However, Shah’ s attitude that based on his military style of Cossack-based training, distrust of young officers and dependence and excessive reliance to the Old Persian Cossack Brigade, undermined effectiveness of police training missions. In other words, conditions of social security, Instead of being based on science-based practices and modern police training, on the contrary, was reflecting the views of traditional leaders who was under commands of Reza Shah himself.

Reza Shah's era is the beginning of the modern era and the creation of fundamental changes in the social sphere of Iran. The Women's Awareness Project in this period affected their social life in various ways, especially women of middle and upperclass in urban areas. The formation of a new education system and the extension of the right to education in new public schools to girls were among the government's gender policies that greatly affected the social and personal lives of urban women and girls. The author of the present article did not seek to study the educational policies of Reza Shah's government in the field of women, but while explaining the development of the new concept of motherhood, sought to answer the question of how this concept made women's education necessary and this education in terms of Quantitatively and qualitatively, how was the new mother idea influenced. Research data collected through statistical libraries based on statistics and publications show the new maternal idea and the need to change the traditional patterns of women, primarily by changing the definition of the female uterus from a biological organ to the location of the next generation. And in the next step, with the emergence of the idea of mother-coach, or the education of an educated housewife, the quantitative expansion of women's public education expanded. Of course, in terms of quality, the educational program for women in public schools shows that their education was very different from that of men and was developed with an ideological approach, with the aim of raising a new Iranian wife and mother; For this reason, it has not contributed much to professional life and the formation of an independent female identity.

Uniform shape in dressing Iranian people known as the law of imposing dress code to Iranian citizen inside the country (approved by the seventh legislative assembly) had been one of the most important constituent elements of the assimilation ethnocultural policies of the era of Reza Shah. This challenging law, which aimed to forcefully change the traditional lifestyle of highly traditional Iranian society, cause to various reactions among the elites, the press, and the general public. The authors of the present paper explore the performance of Ettelaat newspaper as one of the most important constituent of the press community of that era in regards to the implementation of this law. Qualitative content analysis method based on the context of the papers and news published in various edition of Ettelaat newspaper, the applied method in this paper, and the theory of emotional-motivation assimilation which are considered as one of the levels of ethnic-cultural assimilation are the theoretical framework for guiding this discussion. The result of the research illustrates that the newspaper had acted as a tool for ethnically-cultural assimilation on an emotional-motivational level by publishing a wide range of content related to the policy of impose a dress code in two forms: paper and news.

The acquaintance of Iranians with the political and judicial systems of Europe (in the 13th century AH / 19 AD) and witnessing the status of the law with their efforts in the constitutional era was fruitful. But the challenge between sharia and custom and the cumbersome rules of capitulation led to the emergence of the idea of judicial reform through a new issue called the dissolution of the beginning and the pursuit of the press and its writing. Assuming the reliance on this article, the majority of them opposed the judiciary by taking common positions. And by expanding public awareness, they made it possible to achieve a new judiciary. The findings of this study, based on the content analysis method, showed that Davar, with the support of Reza Shah, the parliament, and the press, was pursuing two main goals: removing clerics from the judiciary, and renovating of judiciary based on Western civilization. He succeeded in renovating the administrative organization, registering documents and real estate, and drafting civil law. But he was incapable of harmonizing with Islamic jurisprudence. The press was selected for gaining legitimacy, reflection of judicial dissolution, alignment with Reza Shah's projects, and support for Davar, in the context of events and theorizing of judicial modernization and the inadequacy of the limited main resources of this period.